Realizing wireless power transfer in cellular networks

Abstract

Wireless recharging can be realized by microwave power transfer (MPT) that delivers energy wirelessly from stations called power beacons (PBs) to mobile devices by microwave radiation. To implement mobile charging by MPT, this paper proposes a new network architecture that overlays an uplink cellular network with randomly deployed PBs for powering mobiles, called a hybrid network. We investigate the deployment of the hybrid network under an outage constraint on data links by developing a stochastic-geometry network model where single-antenna base stations (BSs) and PBs form independent homogeneous Poisson point processes with densities λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> and λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> , respectively, and single-antenna passive mobiles are uniformly distributed in Voronoi cells generated by BSs. In this model, the transmission powers of mobiles and PBs are fixed to be constants p and q, respectively. Moreover, a PB either radiates isotropically, called isotropic MPT, or directs energy towards target mobiles by beamforming, called directed MPT. The model is used to derive the tradeoffs between the network parameters {p, λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> , q, λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> ) under the outage constraint and assuming infinite energy storage at mobiles. It is shown that for isotropic MPT, the product qλ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α/2</sup> has to be above a given threshold so that PBs are sufficiently dense; for directed MPT, z <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> qλ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</inf> λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α/2</sup> with z <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> denoting the array gain should exceed a different threshold to ensure short distances between PBs and their target mobiles. In addition, similar results are derived for the case of mobiles having small energy storage.