Abstract
Compared to other types of rechargeable batteries, the rechargeable lithium battery has many advantages, such as: higher energy density, lower self-discharge rate, higher voltages and longer cycle life. This article provides an overview of the cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries. The advantages and challenges of various materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries will be discussed, followed by a highlight of developing trends in lithium battery research.
Highlights
Energy and environment are the two most challenging issues faced by our society
The following sections provide a review of rechargeable lithium batteries in terms of cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator
This novel high-capacity and safe cathode material with an average composition of Li[Ni0.68Co0.18Mn0.18]O2, in which each particle consists of bulk material Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 coated by a concentration-gradient outer layer which the reactive nickel ions are gradually substituted by manganese ions
Summary
Energy and environment are the two most challenging issues faced by our society. With the production of oil predicted to decline and the number of vehicles and their pollution impact to increase globally, a safe, low-cost, highefficiency and environmentally friendly alternative power sources have become a most urgent need. In the case of discharge, the transfer of energy and current of a rechargeable lithium battery occurs when the electrodes are connected externally to a load (Fig. 2). The cycling of a battery depends on the property of individual components: cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator, and on the compatibility among different components. To further advance in the science and technology of lithium batteries, new strategies must be implemented This includes modifications of the electrode and electrolyte components and further improvements in their safety, environmental sustainability and energy content. The following sections provide a review of rechargeable lithium batteries in terms of cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator. The challenges and potentials of rechargeable lithium batteries are discussed
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