Abstract
Hydrogen represents an excellent energy storage option as it can act as both a short and long‐term energy store. As the UK Government is strategically moving the UK towards a low carbon economy, hydrogen can play an important role as a solution to make use of grid constrained ‘green’ energy in transport. In the transport sector, green hydrogen produced from renewable sources offers one of the best opportunities to reduce green house gas emissions and significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Use of zero carbon or ‘green’ hydrogen derived from renewable sources in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) is expected to lead to a 90%‐ 95% reduction in well‐to‐wheel emissions by 2020 when compared to existing internal combustion engines [1]. Described within this paper is a real-world case study that utilises grid constrained renewable energy (instead of discarding it) as a source of clean energy to produce ‘green’ hydrogen for use in a transport application. A model that simulates hydrogen demand from transport has been developed. A Simulink model of hydrogen production, storage and cascade refuelling operations has also been presented. The modelling of a real world application of hydrogen transport technology demonstrates how an electrolyser could be sized to provide the daily hydrogen fuel demand for a real-world commercial hydrogen transport application.
Highlights
Hydrogen is considered an energy vector rather than an energy source
The model allows the pressure, volume and stored hydrogen mass to be simulated in order to identify if it is possible for a known hydrogen demand to be met from a renewable hydrogen source
When the empty vehicles hydrogen storage tank (Vtank) is connected to the full bank-1 hydrogen storage tank (V1), the final cascade refuelling pressure (P2) at the end of stage 1 must be calculated by solving the above equation for P2 as follows: P2
Summary
Hydrogen is considered an energy vector rather than an energy source. When hydrogen is generated from zero carbon energy sources it can provide storage for provision of zero carbon on-demand electricity as well as long-term option for decarbonising road transport. A mass transfer model has been developed to simulate the storage and refuelling performance of the hydrogen system. The model allows the pressure, volume and stored hydrogen mass to be simulated in order to identify if it is possible for a known hydrogen demand to be met from a renewable hydrogen source.
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