Real-time detection of sorafenib in human serum samples: An evaluation study via electrochemical sensing probe fabricated with silver stannate

Abstract

BackgroundIn this present work we are aiming to develop an Ag2SnO3 based electrochemical sensor for the detection of kinase inhibitor sorafenib (SRF). The detection of such cancer drugs is important to monitor on the lab scale. The employed Ag2SnO3 with good electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, easier preparation method, earth-abundant nature, and noteworthy features make it more vital as electrode material for sensing SRF. MethodsThe Ag2SnO3 was prepared via hydrothermal method and then characterized with XRD, and XPS analysis to extend its structural presence better. The FESEM analysis was also studied to know the morphology of Ag2SnO3 with the elemental presence verified with EDAX and mapping analysis. The support of Ag2SnO3 over the GCE surface aided the study in better understanding the reaction kinetics with SRF at the electrode interface. The serum samples from patients with SRF intake for different time periods were collected and analyzed for electrochemical performances. Significant findingsThe electrochemical response as recorded provides the presence of SRF in serum samples in comparison with the non-intake of SRF. The SRF analysis studied with the DPV technique with a linear range of about 0.49 to 167.41 µM showed a good response at Ag2SnO3/GCE. Thus, the present study highlights the detection of SRF in human blood serum samples with a lower detection limit 0.043 µM and a good sensitivity of 0.988 μA μM−1 cm2. The presence of SRF was also identified and compared with the initial day of intake. The Ag2SnO3 with high surface area and high conductivity effectively improved the performance.