Abstract
Real-time energy management strategy (EMS) plays an important role in reducing fuel consumption and maintaining power for the hybrid electric vehicle. However, real-time optimization control is difficult to implement due to the computational load in an instantaneous moment. In this paper, an Approximate equivalent consumption minimization strategy (Approximate-ECMS) is presented for real-time optimization control based on single-shaft parallel hybrid powertrain. The quadratic fitting of the engine fuel consumption rate and the single-axle structure characteristics of the vehicle make the fitness function transformed into a cubic function based on ECMS for solving. The candidate solutions are thus obtained to distribute torque and the optimal distribution is got from the candidate solutions. The results show that the equivalent fuel consumption of Approximate-ECMS was 7.135 L/km by 17.55% improvement compared with Rule-ECMS in the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). To compensate for the effect of the equivalence factor on fuel consumption, a hybrid dynamic particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm (DPSO-GA) is used for the optimization of the equivalence factor by 9.9% improvement. The major contribution lies in that the Approximate-ECMS can reduce the computational load for real-time control and prove its effectiveness by comparing different strategies.
Highlights
Four different energy management strategy (EMS) were simulated for a hybrid powertrain system, including Rule-EMS, Basic-equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), particle swarm algorithm (PSO)-ECMS, and Approximate-ECMS
Approximate-ECMS is proposed for real-time control under the singleshaft parallel hybrid powertrain, which considers both the fuel economy and computational load
Combined with the structural characteristics of the single-shaft parallel hybrid powertrain, the equivalent fuel consumption equation is fitted to the objective function by introducing the power allocation factor
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. [22], Geng, B., Mills, J.K., et al proposed transient optimal energy management to minimize the equivalent fuel consumption This strategy treats energy as an equivalent factor and battery power as a state variable, and updates the equivalent factor in real-time as the vehicle is driven. The real-time optimization strategy based on instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption minimization control can obtain the instantaneous optimal hybrid powertrain energy allocation for fuel economy and emissions in the current state of the vehicle. It needs to calculate the available power output combinations of the hybrid powertrain for each control step, which has a large computational load and high hardware real-time requirements.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
