Reactive Oxygen Species-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy.

Yingbo Li,Jie Yang,Xilin Sun

doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.650587

Abstract

Nanotechnology advances in cancer therapy applications have led to the development of nanomaterials that generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) specifically in tumor cells. ROS act as a double-edged sword, as they can promote tumorigenesis and proliferation but also trigger cell death by enhancing intracellular oxidative stress. Various nanomaterials function by increasing ROS production in tumor cells and thereby disturbing their redox balance, leading to lipid peroxidation, and oxidative damage of DNA and proteins. In this review, we outline these mechanisms, summarize recent progress in ROS-based nanomaterials, including metal-based nanoparticles, organic nanomaterials, and chemotherapy drug-loaded nanoplatforms, and highlight their biomedical applications in cancer therapy as drug delivery systems (DDSs) or in combination with chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), or sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Finally, we discuss the advantages and limitations of current ROS-mediated nanomaterials used in cancer therapy and speculate on the future progress of this nanotechnology for oncological applications.

Highlights

Cancer is the most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide and the primary public health burden in industrialized countries (Bray et al, 2018; Siegel et al, 2019)
Rapid clearance from the body lessens cytotoxicity, it inevitably leads to low concentration and accumulation of the therapeutic NPs in the target location
This dilemma remains a challenge in nanotechnology and should be addressed in future research. (2) numerous studies have demonstrated the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based nanomaterials in in vitro and in vivo models, mechanistic insights are still lacking

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Cancer is the most prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide and the primary public health burden in industrialized countries (Bray et al, 2018; Siegel et al, 2019). That amorphism Fe0 NPs (Figure 2) can be used for cancer theranostics by inducing a Fenton reaction in the tumor and have remarkable therapeutic efficacy by acting as acidity-triggered nanocatalysts, and subsequent H2O2 disproportionation leads to efficient OH generation to induce tumor CDT (Zhang et al, 2016). Inspired by these observations, Yu et al (2019) investigated the interaction of IONPs with H2O2 in vitro and in vivo, aiming to improve ROS therapeutic efficacy. This powerful TiNP-based PDT tool can significantly reduce the survival rate of breast cancer cells with high specificity under low-energy irradiation

ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES FOR CANCER THERAPY

NANOMATERIALS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CANCER THERAPY