Reactive compatibilizer precursors for LDPE/PA6 blends. II: maleic anhydride grafted polyethylenes

Abstract

Several home made and commercially available polyethylene (PE) samples grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) (PE- g-MA) were used as compatibilizer precursors (CPs) for the reactive blending of low density PE (LDPE) with polyamide-6 (PA). Scope of the work was to compare the effectiveness of these CPs with that of a number of ethylene–acrylic acid copolymers (EAA), which had been employed in a previous study for the reactive compatibilization of the same blends, and to get a deeper insight into the coupling reactions producing the PA- g-CP copolymers that are thought to act as the true compatibilizers in these systems. To this end, binary CP/LDPE and CP/PA and ternary LDPE/PA/CP blends were prepared with a Brabender mixer and were characterized by DSC, SEM and solvent fractionation. The results show that the PE- g-MA copolymers react more rapidly with PA than the EAA copolymers and that their CP effectiveness depends critically on the microstructure and the molar mass of their PE backbones. In particular, the CPs produced by functionalization of LDPE were shown to be miscible with this blend component and to be scarcely available at the interface where reaction with PA is expected to occur. Conversely, the CPs prepared from the HDPE grades were immiscible with LDPE and showed better CP performance. Whereas the effectiveness of the EAA copolymers studied earlier had been shown to increase with an increase in the concentration of the carboxyl groups, the concentration of the succinic anhydride groups of the PE- g-MA CPs studied in this work was found to play a minor role, at least in the investigated range (0.3–3.0 wt% MA).