Reactions of reducing xenobiotics with oxymyoglobin. Formation of metmyoglobin, ferryl myoglobin and free radicals: An electron spin resonance and chemiluminescence study

Abstract

The oxygen-haem centre of oxymyoglobin reacts with reducing xenobiotics such as hydroxylamines and phenols with the concomitant formation of metmyoglobin and oxidation of the respective xenobiotic. Metmyoglobin formation rates were measured by visible spectroscopy with xenobiotic concentrations ranging from 100 μM to 30 mM. Analogous to previous results obtained with oxyhaemoglobin, the first step in the reaction of hydroxylamines with oxymyoglobin leads to the formation of the one-electron oxidation product of hydroxylamine, a nitroxyl radical detectable by electron spin resonance. A variety of paramagnetic secondary products were also found. The terminal oxidation product of hydroxylamine and hydroxyurea was the myoglobin-nitric oxide complex, one showing similar spectral characteristics to the analogous haemoglobin-nitric oxide adduct found in our previous experiments. On the other hand, the amount of low-spin ferric complexes obtained from metmyoglobin and an excess of the respective hydroxylamine was considerably lower than the corresponding results with methaemoglobin. A second important reaction intermediate was the compound I-type ferryl haem-species detected by a recently-published chemiluminescence assay. Partial spectral resolution of the emitted light using a set of cut-off filters indicated that maximum light emission occurred above 600 nm, most probably involving excited porphyrin states. The intensity of oxymyoglobin-related light emission was considerably higher than that reported earlier with oxyhaemoglobin. This indicates a difference in the excitation mechanism which leads to the formation of the compound I-type ferry haem species.