Abstract
ABSTRACT Popcorn culture is highly susceptible to helminthosporiosis (Bipolaris maydis) (h-Bm). The genetic breeding of this culture should prioritize resistance to h-Bm and develop cultivars that offer greater crop sustainability, especially in soils with phosphorus (P) scarcity. P-mineral is usually supplied to maize culture by the application of phosphate fertilizers, which are produced from mineral sources rich in P, the natural reserves of which will be depleted in the medium term. With the aim of selecting popcorn genotypes resistant to h-Bm and with higher P utilization capacity, the present study evaluated h-Bm incidence and severity for 25 popcorn lines (S7) cultivated under high and low phosphorus conditions. There was a significant interaction between genotype (lines) and P fertilization for h-Bm resistance, expressed as disease severity values in the first ear leaf. There was genetic variability for disease resistance. The incidence analysis identifies the lines L-65 L-69, L-70 and L-76 as potentially resistant genotypes, presenting low mean values of h-Bm. The severity analysis, however, presents L-69, L-76, P-3 and P-7 genotypes as potentially resistant in environments with fertilization and without fertilization. The obtained data show that the lines L-69 and L-76 had the best resistance performance in both environments. The genetic resistance to h-Bm can somehow correlate with the response to P fertilization at planting in soils with low natural fertility.
Highlights
Popcorn culture is highly susceptible to helminthosporiosis (Bipolaris maydis) (h-Bm)
A união das informações obtidas mostra que as linhagens L-69, L-76 foram as que tiveram melhor desempenho quanto a resistência em ambos os ambientes
Plant-breeding programs have prioritized the development of superior genotypes capable of more efficiently using the applied phosphorus through mineral fertilization, besides generating plants that are adapted to soils with low natural fertility and that are resistant to the main diseases, with the aim of guaranteeing sustainability in agriculture in the medium and long term
Summary
Plant-breeding programs have prioritized the development of superior genotypes capable of more efficiently using the applied phosphorus through mineral fertilization, besides generating plants that are adapted to soils with low natural fertility and that are resistant to the main diseases, with the aim of guaranteeing sustainability in agriculture in the medium and long term. Popcorn differs from common corn because it has smaller grains, less vigor, greater prolificacy and greater susceptibility to diseases and pests. These latter agents seriously impair popcorn yield and quality [21, 16, 20]. Phosphorus is a macronutrient involved in the constitution of macromolecules and in the activity associated with the plant energy balance (ATP, NADP-H, etc.) The supply of this element guarantees the plant development and directly and indirectly affects the plant nutrition and health. We evaluated the incidence and the severity of helminthosporiosis in leaves of 25 popcorn maize lines grown under high and low phosphorus conditions, in order to obtain a higher level of resistance to B. maydis in environments with P scarcity
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