Abstract
1. The rate of alkylation of acetone by prehnylchloride (PC) increases linearly with an increase in the OH− ion activity and the PC concentration. The fact that the reaction appears to be zeroth order with respect to acetone is due to the deprotonation of acetone in the aqueous phase, the result being that the acetone concentration in the 50% NaOH solution is that corresponding to saturation, regardless of the original ketone content of the system. 2. The fact that the rate of alkylation changes with a change in the PC-to-acetone ratio and with the introduction of toluene into the system could be the result of changes in the solubility of the catalyst, or the ion pair, in the organic phase. 3. The differences in the effect of NaOH and KOH on the alkylation reaction have been explained, as has the suppression of PC hydrolysis under two-phase catalysis. 4. The usual temperature effects of the aldol condensation carry over to catalysis in two-phase systems.β-Elimination with the formation of mesityl oxide requires the action of a phase-transfer catalyst.
Published Version
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