Abstract
An understanding of the reaction mechanisms of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethanolamine (DEA) for producing solution-derived (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) thin films with outstanding piezoelectric properties and low leakage current is developed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to analyze the interactions among EDTA, DEA, and metal cations in both precursor solutions and amorphous films. XPS analyses showed that the oxidation states of potassium, niobium, and oxygen in KNN amorphous film were enhanced with addition of EDTA and DEA in the precursor solution, which shifted closer to the oxidation states in the perovskite phase of the resulting KNN oxide film. FTIR analyses indicated that EDTA and DEA formed dative bonds with the nonhydrated potassium and sodium acetate after pyrolysis process at 330 °C while NMR analyses showed that such interactions could have occurred in the precursor so...
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