Abstract
This part of study represents the applied study; which is a continuation of the experimental study that was carried out in part 1 [1]. The experimental study in part 1 focused on evaluation of the effectiveness of Montmorillonite clay, calcium carbonate, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles for enhancing the performances of epoxy adhesives used in re-assembly of archaeological massive limestones. Based on the obtained results in part 1, the choice fell on epoxy-clay nanocomposites as the best re-assembly adhesive material reinforced with Stainless Steel to conduct the applied study project. The current applied study that represents a big project was carried out on 3 archaeological pharaonic massive limestones discovered separately in Ain Shams (Heliopolis) archaeological area in Egypt. The methodology included an accurate archaeological study, followed by analytical, and then the restoration and reassembly process. Firstly; in order to prove whether these artifacts are complementary to each other or not, then with a view to re-assembly and conserving these artifacts in the form of one stone block to be ready for museum display. Referred to the comprehensive archaeological and analytical study of the mentioned archeological stones, the results confirmed that, these stone pieces, in the original were one piece, therefore, it is possible to regrouping again to become one block complementary to each other, and this is what was done in this study.
Highlights
The studied archaeological limestone blocks were discovered separately in Ain Shams (Heliopolis) archaeological area, one of the most famous ancient sites in Egypt [2], through the excavations of the Egyptian Mission Affiliated to the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities during the excavation of the Marj prison farm area
Based on the obtained results in part 1, the choice fell on epoxy-clay nanocomposites as the best re-assembly adhesive material reinforced with Stainless Steel to conduct the applied study project
SEM-EDX Investigation SEM micrographs of the three samples in (Figure 8), which were carefully collected from studied archaeological limestone objects (No 94, 95, 96), showed a large similarity between the three samples, it was observed that the samples in general are in good condition, except some weathered areas in limestone texture, and this is evidenced by the presence of some voids in stone structure, it was observed the high porosity of limestone, and the disintegration of calcite crystals in some areas of stone is due to degradation by physical weathering [5]
Summary
The studied archaeological limestone blocks were discovered separately in Ain Shams (Heliopolis) archaeological area, one of the most famous ancient sites in Egypt [2], through the excavations of the Egyptian Mission Affiliated to the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities during the excavation of the Marj prison farm area. Once the three stone objects “blocks” were discovered, the site’s archaeologists documented and registered them by giving the so-called (site record number), the numbers for the three objects were (94, 95, 96) (See Figures 1-3). The stone objects were transferred to conservation center laboratories of the Grand Egyptian Museum, where the applied study was carried out. Once the three stone objects were received, the teamwork conducted the photographic and architectural documentation and recorded the dimensions and weights. The idea of conducting this research and applied project is to study and reassembly of these stone blocks. The current study project included an accurate archaeological study, followed by analytical, and the restoration and reassembly process of the three stone objects were carried out
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