Abstract
This is an introductory chapter dedicated to Ray and Wave optics with emphasis on the design of optical imaging systems. The basics and fundamentals of optics is outlined to enable understand monochromatic and plane waves. Based on ray optics, propagation of light through key optical components (such as, lens, mirror, fiber, GRIN lens etc.) of optical microscope is explained. This is followed by the description of two important properties of light (interference and diffraction) that forms the basis for understanding Abbe’s diffraction limit for optical microscopy. Approximations for explaining diffraction (Fresnel and Fraunhofer) for both near-field and far-field is discussed. We explain in detail some of the key imaging systems that are primarily based on wave optics. These imaging systems include, 4f optical system, Dark-field Microscopy and Diffrerential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. This is followed by the derivation and discussion of Abbe’s diffraction limit. In the last section, we discuss some of the optical aberration effects that hamper imaging in-general and high resolution imaging in-particular.
Published Version
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