Abstract
Available and future equipment for production and use of biodiesel does not fully ensure the process efficiency in agricultural production. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the energy efficiency of biodiesel by improving technical means for its production and consumption. The mathematical model of energy-efficient emulsion stirring in circulation mixers-separators is improved. The model allows determining the geometric parameters (length and diameter in cross-sections) of the emulsion jet with the turbulent regime of stirring. The use of injectors for creating the turbulent motion regime of the emulsion jets in a biodiesel production unit is proposed. The emulsion passage through injectors also provides uniform layer-by-layer emulsion stirring. The emulsion is pumped out from the mixer bottom, the mixed emulsion layer is lowered. Turbulence decreases, higher reaction completeness is achieved. The high quality of biodiesel and reduced energy consumption are achieved. The geometric dimensions of mixers of various capacities are determined, energy consumption for biodiesel production are substantiated. The agro-industrial technology for biodiesel production using mixers for all production stages is proposed. It is found that the biodiesel temperature rise increases the fuel spray angle at the exit of injectors, which improves emulsification and combustion efficiency of biodiesel. The flowchart of biodiesel use in tractor engines with the two-stage heating system is proposed. In the proposed system, biodiesel is heated in the fuel tank and immediately before injection into the engine cylinders. Experimental verification of the machine-tractor unit, equipped with a diesel heating system is performed. The use of circulation mixers-separators allows biodiesel production by the simplified technology in agricultural production. Application of the developed two-stage biodiesel heating system extends the temperature range of using pure biodiesel and reduces its consumption.
Highlights
One of the factors increasing the energy efficiency of agricultural production and reducing carbon dioxide emissions is the use of fuel of own production, in particular, liquid biodiesel [1, 2].For biodiesel production, transesterification process is used [3]
The transesterification reaction or methanolysis of oils with alkaline catalysts such as NaOH or KOH are most commonly used in biodiesel production [7]
The turbulent that biodiesel overconsumption when plowing was 8.6 %, regime in the emulsion jet will be provided at a pressure when disking – 9 %, as compared to diesel fuel (Table 2). between 0.01 and 0.05 MPa and the injector nozzle diame
Summary
One of the factors increasing the energy efficiency of agricultural production and reducing carbon dioxide emissions is the use of fuel of own production, in particular, liquid biodiesel [1, 2]. For rapid and complete reaction, methanol and alkaline catalyst are used in the process of transesterification [4,5,6]. Excessive stirring leads to the destruction of the contact surface, which prevents complete methanolysis reaction and requires significant energy consumption [4, 5, 7]. Reduction of energy consumption and maximization of the methanolysis reaction completeness are important for biodiesel production at facilities of agricultural enterprises [4, 5]. The use of biodiesel leads to engine performance deterioration [8] and efficiency reduction of machine-tractor units. The development of energy-efficient equipment and appropriate technologies is important for biodiesel production and more efficient use of biodiesel-driven machine-tractor units at facilities of agricultural enterprises
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