Abstract
Permanently installed sensors are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, facilitating very frequent in situ measurements and consequently improved monitoring of ‘trends’ in the observed system behaviour. It is proposed that this newly available data may be used to provide prior warning and forecasting of critical events, particularly system failure. Numerous damage mechanisms are examples of positive feedback; they are ‘self-accelerating’ with an increasing rate of damage towards failure. The positive feedback leads to a common time-response behaviour which may be described by an empirical relation allowing prediction of the time to criticality. This study focuses on Structural Health Monitoring of engineering components; failure times are projected well in advance of failure for fatigue, creep crack growth and volumetric creep damage experiments. The proposed methodology provides a widely applicable framework for using newly available near-continuous data from permanently installed sensors to predict time until failure in a range of application areas including engineering, geophysics and medicine.
Highlights
Advances in battery power, wireless communication and transducers make permanently installed sensors an increasingly attractive proposition; wearable sensors [1,2], ‘connected devices’ [3,4] and structural health monitoring (SHM) systems [5,6] are becoming increasingly common
This study focuses on Structural Health Monitoring of engineering components; failure times are projected well in advance of failure for fatigue, creep crack growth and volumetric creep damage experiments
This is a consequence of positive feedback: the presence of damage compromises the components capacity to sustain load and the rate of damage increases; the rate of change will accelerate until eventual failure
Summary
Wireless communication and transducers make permanently installed sensors an increasingly attractive proposition; wearable sensors [1,2], ‘connected devices’ [3,4] and structural health monitoring (SHM) systems [5,6] are becoming increasingly common. In engineering applications, the risk associated with the presence of damage is managed through non-destructive evaluation (NDE) inspections combined with fracture mechanics based structural integrity assessment techniques [10,11,12]. Such an approach is prone to significant errors resulting from the need to estimate the present damage, material properties and stress state, which are not trivial to measure directly in an industrial context. A coupled approach is proposed combining the empirical behaviour of positive feedback mechanisms with the use of frequent measurements from permanently installed sensors to preclude a point of criticality well in advance of failure. Discussion on the successful implementation of the methodology will be given followed by conclusions
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