Abstract
<p>Rat-bite fever (RBF) is a zoonotic infection and systemic febrile illness transmitted to humans by <italic>Rattus</italic> spp. contacts following a scratch, bite, or touching excrement, such as urine, feces, and oral secretions. Infection with members of the genus <italic>Streptobacillus</italic> is the most common cause of this infectious disease. In this review article, we updated the knowledge on the RBF caused by the genus <italic>Streptobacillus</italic> based on the isolation and identification methods, virulence factors, clinical signs, differential diagnoses, antibiogram, treatment, geographical distribution, and epidemiology. Moreover, the present paper's comprehensive analysis of over 200 infection cases attributed to this genus, spanning from 1915 to 2023, sheds light on its epidemiology and provides valuable insights for the future.</p>
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