Abstract
(1) Background: Oral mucosal infections are a commonly encountered clinical pathology in patients who consult dentists, mainly for dental diseases. Currently, the involvement of oral and dental infections in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, among others, is widely discussed in the literature. In the present research, we elaborated a comprehensive report on rare oral mucosal infections, including oral syphilis and head and neck tuberculosis. (2) Methods: The research was performed by the authors using three databases (PubMed, Wiley, and ScienceDirect). Scientific articles published from January 2000 to January 2020 were selected and reviewed to assess the epidemiology, symptoms, and diagnosis of oral syphilis and head and neck tuberculosis. (3) Results: Oral syphilis was mainly noticed as ulcers and secondary types of disease. Tuberculosis of the head and neck was most frequently encountered as cervical lymphadenopathy. (4) Conclusions: Rare oral infections diagnosis may be challenging due to their evolving polymorphic clinical appearance and their ability to mimic various diseases in the oral cavity and head and neck area.
Highlights
Oral mucosal infections are a commonly encountered clinical pathology in patients who consult dentists, mainly for dental diseases
Scientific articles published from January 2000 to January 2020 were selected and reviewed to assess the epidemiology, symptoms, and diagnosis of oral syphilis and head and neck tuberculosis
We elaborated a comprehensive report on rare oral mucosal infections, including oral syphilis and head and neck tuberculosis
Summary
Oral mucosal infections are a commonly encountered clinical pathology in patients who consult dentists, mainly for dental diseases. The predisposing factors for oral mucosal infections are general as well as local. Among the general factors, associated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and chronic medication have special importance. Local factors that influence oral mucosal infections are smoking habits, reduced oral hygiene, the presence of mucosal lesions that facilitate pathogens access in the body, and the presence of dental and periodontal foci [1]. The involvement of oral and dental infections in cardiovascular and neurological diseases, among others, is widely discussed in the literature. The pathogens causing oral infections are fungi, bacteria, and viruses. We elaborated a comprehensive report on rare oral mucosal infections, including oral syphilis and head and neck tuberculosis
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