Abstract
Upregulation of the X chromosome compensates for the presence of a single active X chromosome in mammals, but this has been difficult to measure and to understand mechanistically. A study now demonstrates that increased burst frequency boosts the transcriptional output of X-linked genes in male and female cells with a single active X chromosome. Interestingly, female embryonic stem cells lack increased burst frequency, which is established only after inactivation of the X chromosome takes place; this finding reveals a switch that can modulate transcriptional bursting.
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