Abstract
A novel method for the rapid separation and determination of five polar 5-nitroimidazoles in water from different sources by pressurized capillary electrochromatography has been developed. Compared with the gradient elution mode and the packed nonpolar columns which were usually utilized for the separation of 5-nitroimidazoles, a simple isocratic elution mode and low-cost homemade polar molecularly imprinted polymer monolith were used in the experiment. Electrochromatographic conditions such as pH of buffer, organic modifier, concentration of buffer, and separation voltage were optimized. At 320 nm UV wavelengths, the five 5-nitroimidazoles could be baseline-separated rapidly in less than 11 min with the separation voltage of +20 kV in 10 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH 4.82) containing 30% acetonitrile. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges of the metronidazole, secnidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, and metronidazole benzoate were 0.50–100.00, 0.50–100.00, 0.80–500.00, 0.80–100.00, and 5.00–500.00 μg/mL, respectively, and the detection limits of these analytes were 0.11–0.73 μg/mL. Column efficiencies of 43 000, 36 000, 34 000, 14 000, and 29 000 plates/m were obtained for metronidazole, secnidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, and metronidazole benzoate, respectively. The recoveries of different water samples were about 85.0–95.8%. Additionally, the proposed method has been successfully applied to the rapid separation of 5-nitroimidazoles in the locally available pure milk sample by simple pretreatment.
Highlights
Related antiprotozoal drugs, namely, nitroimidazole derivatives including metronidazole (MNZ), secnidazole (SNZ), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole benzoate (MB), etc., are a class of veterinary drugs and are used widely as antibacterial and antiprotozoan drugs in poultry and swine dysentery [1]
A low-polar porogen mixture consisting of toluene-dodecanol was found to yield a suitable, rigid porous Molecular-imprinted polymers (MIPs) monolith. e Scanning electron micrography (SEM) images show aggregates of nanometer-sized globular particles which are surrounded by interconnected large through-pores that permit bulk flow through the capillary (Figure 1). e small size of the globular units offers good diffusion properties, and the rapid access of the solute to the imprinted sites in globules gives a shorter separation time
The nonimprinted polymer (NIP) monolith was found to have less flow resistance than the MIP monolith. e selectivity of the MIP monolith was assessed by parallel experiments using MIP and NIP monoliths (Figure 2)
Summary
Related antiprotozoal drugs, namely, nitroimidazole derivatives including metronidazole (MNZ), secnidazole (SNZ), tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ), and metronidazole benzoate (MB), etc., are a class of veterinary drugs and are used widely as antibacterial and antiprotozoan drugs in poultry and swine dysentery [1]. In some countries, they are incorporated into feed products as feed additives to prevent diseases and promote growth in livestock and aquaculture. The rapid analysis method for MB and other polar nitroimidazole derivatives still represents a challenge and holds a significant interest for separation scientists
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