Abstract
Establishing personalized medication plans for patients to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize the toxicity of vancomycin (VAN) requires rapid, simple, and accurate monitoring of VAN concentration in body fluid. In this study, we have developed a simple and rapid analytical method by integrating Eu (III) chelate nanoparticles (CN-EUs) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) to achieve the real-time monitoring of VAN concentration in serum within 15 min. This approach was performed on nitrocellulose (NC) membrane assembled LFIA strips via indirect competitive immunoassay and exhibited a wide linear range of detection (0.1–80 μg*ml−1) with a low limit of detection (69.2 ng*ml−1). The coefficients of variation (CV) of the intra- and inter-assay in the detection of VAN were 7.12–8.53% and 8.46–11.82%, respectively. The dilution test and specificity indicated this method had a stability that was not affected by the serum matrix and some other antibiotics. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed method was assessed by comparing the determined results with those measured by LC-MS/MS, showing a satisfactory correlation (R 2 = 0.9713). The proposed CN-EUs-based LFIA manifested promising analytical performance, which showed potential value in the real-time monitoring of VAN and could help optimize the clinical use of more antibiotics.
Highlights
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main pathogens of hospital and community infection (Pujol et al, 2021)
The average particle size of uncoupled Eu chelate nanoparticles (CN-EUs) and those conjugated with sheep IgG (SIgG) or anti-VAN polyclonal antibodies (PcAbs) were 192.7, 241.1 and 218.8 nm with polymer dispersity index (PDI) of 0.008, 0.024 and 0.025, and the Zeta potential of those were −65.0, −25.4, and −29.7, respectively
An lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) that qualitatively detects the residual concentration of VAN has been reported before (Kong et al, 2017)
Summary
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main pathogens of hospital and community infection (Pujol et al, 2021). It has a strong pathogenicity and can cause skin and soft tissue infection, blood infection, and all organs infection (Genardi et al, 2020). In recent years, it has spread around the world at an alarming rate (Yagnik et al, 2021). Applied as the first choice treatment of MRSA (Ragunathan et al, 2018), clinical use of VAN is important, and rational use is highly important but being challenged by several reasons due to its drug toxicity and metabolic features. The above challenges make the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the blood level of VAN on patients vitally necessary in clinical use (Jeffres, 2017)
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