Abstract
Microwave-assisted leaching of valuable metals of cobalt (Co), lithium (Li), and manganese (Mn) from cathode powder of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was investigated. Higher leaching efficiency of Co, Li, and Mn was found using ascorbic acid than hydrochloric acid (HCl). The leaching reaction was rapid (5 min) and effective (100%) for Co, Li, and Mn using 0.5 N of ascorbic acid of solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) of 10 g/L, at microwave power of 300 W. The efficiency decreased to 52.19%, 59.23%, and 57.98% for Co, Li, and Mn, respectively, as solid concentration increased to 40 g/L. Both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models described the reaction kinetics well. The conventional leaching using 0.5 N of ascorbic acid at 65 °C required 90 min to reach > 95% leaching efficiency for Co, Li, and Mn. Compared with conventional leaching, microwave irradiation accelerates yet enhances the leaching process of valuable metals from spent LIBs.
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