Abstract
This paper reports on single step and rapid fabrication of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) using an inkjet printing-based approach. A commercial inkjet-printed circuit board (PCB) printer was used to fabricate the IDEs on a glass substrate. The inkjet printer was optimized for printing IDEs on a glass substrate using a carbon ink with a specified viscosity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz was employed for chemical sensing applications using an electrochemical workstation. The IDE sensors demonstrated good nitrite quantification abilities, detecting a low concentration of 1 ppm. Taste simulating chemicals were used to experimentally analyze the ability of the developed sensor to detect and quantify tastes as perceived by humans. The performance of the inkjet-printed IDE sensor was compared with that of the IDEs fabricated using maskless direct laser writing (DLW)-based photolithography. The DLW–photolithography-based fabrication approach produces IDE sensors with excellent geometric tolerances and better sensing performance. However, inkjet printing provides IDE sensors at a fraction of the cost and time. The inkjet printing-based IDE sensor, fabricated in under 2 min and costing less than USD 0.3, can be adapted as a suitable IDE sensor with rapid and scalable fabrication process capabilities.
Highlights
Interdigitated electrodes, referred to as Interdigitated arrays (IDAs), are high aspect ratio electrodes closely spaced together to form an array of sensing regions which significantly increase the effective area available for electrochemical sensing
With the set electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis parameters, no reportable results were observed for sodium chloride
An important shortcoming in the application of both types of Interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) sensors for taste sensing applications the and inability to step senseinterdigitated for the presence of sodium chloride
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Interdigitated electrodes are often employed for the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique for quantitative sensing [10]. Nitrite is a contaminant found in water obtained from unchecked sources which, when consumed in excess via contaminated water sources, can have adverse effects on humans [34,35] In this context, nitrite detection has been demonstrated as a possible application for fabricated IDEs in this work. Nitrite detection has been demonstrated as a possible application for fabricated IDEs in this work Another application where IDEs are employed is taste sensing. A single step, rapid miniaturized IDE sensor fabrication process, using an inkjet printing approach, is reported. The following sections will elaborate on the design, modelling, experimental methodology, and the observations made using the fabricated interdigitated electrode sensors
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