Abstract
The rapid, highly-sensitive and ecologically greener reversed-phase (RP)/normal-phase (NP) high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) densitometric technique has been developed and validated for the determination of trans-resveratrol (TRV). The reversed-phase HPTLC-based analysis of TRV was performed using ethanol–water (65:35, v v−1) combination as the greener mobile phase, while, the normal-phase HPTLC-based estimation of TRV was performed using chloroform–methanol (85:15, v v−1) combination as the routine mobile phase. The TRV detection was carried out at 302 nm for RP/NP densitometric assay. The linearity was recorded as 10–1200 and 30–400 ng band−1 for RP and NP HPTLC techniques, respectively. The RP densitometric assay was observed as highly-sensitive, accurate, precise and robust for TRV detection in comparison with the NP densitometric assay. The contents of TRV in commercial formulation were recorded as 101.21% utilizing the RP densitometric assay, while, the contents of TRV in commercial formulation were found to be 91.64% utilizing the NP densitometric assay. The greener profile of RP/NP technique was obtained using the analytical GREEnness (AGREE) approach. The AGREE scales for RP and NP densitometric assays were estimated 0.75 and 0.48, respectively. The recorded AGREE scale for the RP densitometric assay indicated that this technique was highly green/the ecologically greener compared to the NP densitometric assay. After successful optimization of analytical conditions, validation parameters, AGREE scale and chromatography performance, the RP densitometric assay with univariate calibration was found to be better than the NP densitometric assay for the analysis of TRV.
Highlights
IntroductionSeveral analytical techniques have been established for the determination of TRV either alone or in combination with other bioactive compounds in plant extracts, pharmaceutical products, herbal products, polyherbal formulations, wines and body fluids
RP densitometric assay was evaluated in the 10–1200 ng band−1 range, while, the univariate calibration curve (UCC) of TRV for routine NP densitometric assay was evaluated in the 30–400 ng band−1 range
Based on analytical GREEnness (AGREE) scales obtained in this study, only the ecologically greener RP densitometric assay was found as the excellent greener analytical technique for the quantification of TRV
Summary
Several analytical techniques have been established for the determination of TRV either alone or in combination with other bioactive compounds in plant extracts, pharmaceutical products, herbal products, polyherbal formulations, wines and body fluids. Different high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) techniques have been utilized for TRV analysis in a variety of samples such as wine samples, plant extracts, pharmaceutical products, herbal products and polyherbal products [3,4,32,33,34,35]. Based on thorough literature analysis, it was observed that various pharmaceutical assays have been reported for the quantification of TRV either alone or in combination with other natural compounds in a variety of samples. The ecologically greener RP/NP HPTLC densitometric assay for the quantification of TRV was validated in terms of linearity, system efficiency parameters, accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity and specificity/peak purity according to The International Council for Harmonization for the Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Q2 (R1) recommendations [55]
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