Abstract
There has been no assessment of the greenness of the described analytical techniques for the simultaneous determination (SMD) of caffeine and paracetamol. As a result, in comparison to the greener normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique, this research was conducted to develop a rapid, sensitive, and greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach for the SMD of caffeine and paracetamol in commercial formulations. The greenness of both techniques was calculated using the AGREE method. For the SMD of caffeine and paracetamol, the greener normal-phase and reversed-phase HPTLC methods were linear in the 50–500 ng/band and 25–800 ng/band ranges, respectively. For the SMD of caffeine and paracetamol, the greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach was more sensitive, accurate, precise, and robust than the greener normal-phase HPTLC technique. For the SMD of caffeine paracetamol in commercial PANEXT and SAFEXT tablets, the greener reversed-phase HPTLC technique was superior to the greener normal-phase HPTLC approach. The AGREE scores for the greener normal-phase and reversed-phase HPTLC approaches were estimated as 0.81 and 0.83, respectively, indicated excellent greenness profiles for both analytical approaches. The greener reversed-phase HPTLC approach is judged superior to the greener normal-phase HPTLC approach based on numerous validation parameters and pharmaceutical assays.
Highlights
R were highly significant for both the compounds (p < 0.05). These findings suggested a strong link between the concentration and measured response of caffeine and paracetamol. All these findings indicated the reliability of the greener normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) approach for the simultaneous determination (SMD) of caffeine and paracetamol
The values of R2 and R were highly significant for both the compounds (p < 0.05). These findings again suggested a strong link between the concentration and measured response of caffeine and paracetamol. All these findings indicated the reliability of the greener reversed-phase HPTLC technique for the SMD of caffeine and paracetamol
The specificity of the greener HPTLC technique for the SMD of caffeine and paracetamol was demonstrated by the identical UV spectra, retardation of (Rf) data, and wavelengths of caffeine and paracetamol in standards and the commercial tablets PANEXT and SAFEXT
Summary
Paracetamol (Figure 1A) is the commonly administered anti-inflammatory and antipyretic medicine, especially in case of pediatric and geriatric patients [1,2]. It is commercially available in a wide range of dosage forms [2]. Caffeine (Figure 1B) is a pseudoalkaloidal drug that is commonly used in combination with paracetamol [3,4]. The combination of paracetamol and caffeine is the world’s most widely used combination [4]. Tion of paracetamol and caffeine is the world’s most widely used combination [4].
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