Rapid fabrication of binder free nickel cobalt oxide electrodes with dendritic nanostructure for electrochemical energy storage applications

Abstract

A rapid and facile technique to synthesize nickel cobalt oxide electrodes by photothermal treatment of mixed organometallic precursor solution is reported. Using short and intense pulses of light from a xenon flash lamp, spray coated films are converted into porous nickel cobalt oxide electrodes with dendritic nanostructure. The electrode films fabricated in a few seconds show excellent energy storage properties as supercapacitor electrodes. Specific capacitance of up to 116 Fg−1 and capacitance retention of up to 75 % were observed in samples with low mass loading. Analysis of the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves shows that capacitance is the dominating charge storage mechanism in these films. To study the effect of varying the mass loading in electrodes, double and triple layered electrodes were also studied. In films with high mass loading, the specific capacitance of the films decreased but areal capacitance continued to increase. A high areal capacitance of up to 243 mFcm−2 is observed in films with high mass loading. CV curve analysis of high mass loading electrodes further shows that in films with higher mass loading, the charge storage mechanism is a mix of capacitance and diffusion processes. The contribution of diffusion increased with increase in the mass loading of the electrodes. This study sheds light into the mechanism of charge storage in electrodes prepared by large-scale-amenable single step process of photonic curing which could be utilized to fabricate electrodes in industrial scale.