Rapid cooling of planetesimal core-mantle reaction zones from Mn-Cr isotopes in pallasites

Abstract

Pallasite meteorites, which consist of olivine-metal mixtures and accessory phosphates crystallised from silico-phosphate melts, are thought to represent core-mantle reaction zones of early differentiating planetesimals. Pallasite meteorites can be linked to five distinct planetesimals, indicating that they are default products of differentiation. However, their formation modes (deep, shallow, and impact environments) and age are still elusive. We have investigated the trace element and Mn-Cr isotopic signatures of Main-Group pallasite olivine, finding enhanced Mn, P and Cr/Cr near crystal rims which indicates early ingrowth of radiogenic Cr in silico-phosphate melts. Mn-Cr isotopic data corroborate previous Hf-W isotopic data, indicating an early metal-silicate separation event but additionally that rapid cooling generated silico-phosphate eutectic melts with high Mn/Cr within ∼2.5 to 4 Myr of Solar System formation. These melts formed before most known samples of planetesimal crusts (eucrite and angrite meteorites) and are among the earliest evolved planetary silicates. Additionally, Mn-rich phosphates in other, non-Main-Group pallasite meteorites suggest that core-mantle reaction zones are generic, datable features of differentiation.