Abstract
A magnetic Pb(II) ion-imprinted polymer was synthesized using magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanospheres as supporter, n-benzoyl-n-phenyl hydroxylamine as ligand, 4-vinyl pyridine as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker and 2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the initiator. The template was removed from the polymer using 4 mL of HCl (2 mol L-1). The chemical structure, morphology-particle size, elemental analysis, thermal behavior and magnetic properties of the sorbent were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy & ImageJ software - Energy dispersive X-ray system, thermal gravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry. Various parameters such as pH, equilibrium extraction time, temperature and the eluent were optimized. The results showed the sorbent adsorption capacity was 92.3 mg g-1 in pH 6.0 media, equilibrium time of 7 min at 40 °C. Calibration linearity was 2-150 µg L-1 with detection limit of 0.3 µg L-1. The prepared sorbent had high selectivity and was successfully applied to the removing of lead in real samples.
Highlights
It is clear that heavy metals contamination represents serious hazards to the ecosystem and especially to humans because of the complex toxicological effects on living beings[1]
The carbonyl peak at 1730 cm-1, O-H peak at 3205 cm-1 and C-N peak at 1450 and 1380 cm-1 showed the presence of ligand (BPHA) in the magnetic ion-imprinted polymer (MIIP)
The results of the Magnetic non-ion imprinted polymer (MNIIP) and MIIP nanoparticles are shown in Fig. 3(a, b)
Summary
It is clear that heavy metals contamination represents serious hazards to the ecosystem and especially to humans because of the complex toxicological effects on living beings[1]. Lead has been accepted as an important toxic heavy metals resulting from mining, acid battery factories[2], metal plating[3], printing[4], textile[5], photographic materials[6], ceramic and glass industries as well as explosive manufacturing[7]. Through the joined system of water–plant–animal–human, Pb(II) is transferred into human body and causes to various severe health problems in vital organs of humans, such as damage to kidney, liver, blood composition, central nervous system (CNS) due to binding sites on cerebellar phosphokinase C at trace amounts and retarding the reproductive system in mental function[8,9,10]. The maximum permitted amount of lead ions by world health organization (WHO) in drinking water fixed as 10.0 μg L-1 and for the U.S environmental protection agency (USEPA) is 15.0 μg L-1 11. The developments of reliable and highly sensitive techniques to the determination and removal of lead in water samples as the pollutant sources are crucially necessary.
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