Rapid and highly efficient adsorption of dye and heavy metal on low-cost adsorbent derived from human feces and Chlorella vulgaris

Abstract

Wastewater management is a pressing global concern, demanding effective, efficient, cost-friendly, and user-friendly solutions. Among the various methods available, adsorption has emerged as a practical choice. The primary culprits responsible for many human diseases in wastewater are heavy metals and dyes. In this study, we successfully harnessed low-cost biochar derived from human feces and Chlorella vulgaris to significantly accelerate and enhance the removal of heavy metals and dyes. Human feces and Chlorella vulgaris were transformed into biochar under three distinct conditions: biochar, Chlorella vulgaris, and a combination of both. Notably, these materials exhibited exceptional capabilities, removing heavy metals and dyes by as much as 98 % within a mere 10-minute timeframe. This material have adsorption capacity up to 56.8 mg/g for Mn and 20 mg/g for Methylene Blue. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the optimal samples, we conducted a battery of tests, including performance assessments, sorption capacity measurements, exploration of five isotherm models, and kinetic analyses. Furthermore, we elucidated the sorption mechanisms through thorough characterizations of the materials using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XRF, providing holistic insights into their properties. This study extends its relevance beyond the laboratory, offering valuable insights into future prospects and policy recommendations. In doing so, it serves as a pivotal resource for researchers and governmental bodies alike, facilitating progress in wastewater treatment and environmental policy development.