Abstract
One of the most common endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment is bisphenol A (BPA). BPA-based products are becoming more prevalent worldwide. The contamination of BPA can exist in food, drinks, soil, dust, air, soil, and wastewater. BPA can enter the body through various including the respiratory, digestive, and dermal tract routes. Exposure to BPA has been linked to chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and liver diseases. Although maximum concentrations of BPA in drinking water varied across regions between 0.014 μg/L, 6.4 μg/L, and 1.9 μg/L and 5.1 μg/L in groundwater and surface water, respectively, due to the efficiency of the treatment plants helped in reducing BPA levels in drinking water. However, Adsorption is considered a significant technique for BPA removal due to its considerable influence on toxicity, bioavailability, and transport of heavy metals. The adsorption technique achieves 99 % removal efficiency for BPA. Meanwhile, green nanoparticle characteristics offer the best possibility to eliminate persistent contaminants, including BPA, via an adsorption mechanism due to their excellent adsorptive capabilities. Plants, bacteria, algae, and fungi can all be used for the green synthesis of NPs. Plant extracts offer a cheap and environmentally friendly solution to synthesizing without using intermediates. A comprehensive review of bisphenol A sources, occurrence, effects, and treatment methodologies is presented in this review article. In addition, the utilization of nanoparticles for BPA elimination is also discussed. The literature indicates that synthesizing green nanoparticles is a simple yet highly efficient technique to enhance nanoparticle properties for BPA removal, which can reach up to 96 % efficiency. Applying green nanoparticles in water treatment to remove BPA reduces energy consumption, eliminates chemical use, and generates environmentally friendly products.
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