Abstract
BackgroundBetter choices of dietary lipid sources and substitution of refined by fortified oils could reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase the intake of omega 3 FA concomitantly to healthy bioactive compounds.MethodsThe development of obesity and metabolic disturbances was explored in rats fed during 11 weeks with a high fat diet (HFD) in which the amount of saturated and polyunsaturated FA was respectively reduced and increased, using rapeseed oil as lipid source. This oil was used in a refined form (R) or fortified (10 fold increase in concentration) with endogenous micronutrients (coenzyme Q10 + tocopherol only (RF) only and also with canolol (RFC)). The effect of substituting palm by rapeseed oil was analysed using a student t test, oil fortification was analysed using ANOVA statistical test.ResultsDespite a similar weight gain, diets R, RF and RFC improved glucose tolerance (+ 10%) of the rats compared to a standard HFD with palm and sunflower oils as lipid source. Plasma glucose was lowered in RF and RFC groups (− 15 and 23% respectively), although triacylglycerol level was only reduced in group RFC (− 33%) compared to R. The fortification with canolol promoted the activation of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue respectively. Canolol supplementation also led to reduce p38 MAPK activation in skeletal muscle.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the presence of endogenous micronutrients in rapeseed oil promotes cellular adaptations to reverse glucose intolerance and improve the metabolism of insulin sensitive tissues.
Highlights
Better choices of dietary lipid sources and substitution of refined by fortified oils could reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase the intake of omega 3 FA concomitantly to healthy bioactive compounds
The present study was designed to determine if an increase of the relative amount of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and bioactive micronutrients could limit the impact of a hypercaloric diet, containing 30% of lipids with a high proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) on fat mass gain and glucose tolerance
We aimed to evaluate the effects of the substitution of 40% of fat from the palm/sunflower oil (PS) High Fat (HF) diet by rapeseed oil
Summary
Better choices of dietary lipid sources and substitution of refined by fortified oils could reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase the intake of omega 3 FA concomitantly to healthy bioactive compounds. Rapeseeds contain bioactive compounds including antioxidant vitamins such as tocopherol (mainly alpha tocopherol), phenolic molecules (canolol, sinapic acid, sinapine), coenzyme Q (CoQ) and phytosterols These micronutrients have healthy metabolic, antiinflammatory and physiologic effects [6,7,8,9,10]. The intake of antioxydants concomitantly to ω3 PUFA represents a relevant nutritional strategy to reduce obesity-related metabolic disturbances by accommodating changes in antioxidant activities and inflammation [11]. These antioxidants could facilitate PUFA’s preservation of from beta oxidation and incorporation in biological membranes. The present study was designed to determine if an increase of the relative amount of ω3 PUFA and bioactive micronutrients could limit the impact of a hypercaloric diet, containing 30% of lipids with a high proportion of SFA on fat mass gain and glucose tolerance
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