Abstract
This paper describes the changes in in situ index properties following installation of rammed aggregate piers in a loose sand deposit in New Madrid, Missouri, with a particular focus on the time-dependent strength gain, commonly called sand ageing, as indicated by increased cone penetration test (CPT) tip resistance and dilatometer test (DMT) indices. The method of disturbing the soil and the magnitude of disturbance significantly influence the magnitude of sand-ageing effects. This paper provides the first data on sand ageing following the installation of displacement rammed aggregate piers. In this study, CPT and DMT were performed both immediately before and after the installation of piers. Additionally, CPTs were performed 1 month following the installation of piers. The DMT horizontal stress index increased roughly 100% and the dilatometer modulus increased ∼200% in a loose clean sand layer immediately following the installation of the piers. The CPT tip resistance increased roughly 100% in this layer immediately following the pier installation and a further 33% in the month following the installation.
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