Abstract
A protocol for raising highly frost-resistant winter wheat Triticum aestivum varieties has been developed. It is based on the transfer of the frost resistance trait from a wild wheat relative, intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron glaucum). The protocol includes raising wheatgrass double haploid via anther culture, the selection of wheat genotypes that are able to produce green haploids in vitro, a proximate analysis of frost resistance, remote crosses of frost-resistant wheatgrass genotypes to wheat, and a new leaf-nurse method for transferring frost resistance from wheatgrass to wheat. A large collection of A. glaucum genotypes has been derived from the original material collected in Eastern Kazakhstan, at an elevated site with little snow. The climate of the site implies that the accessions are highly frost-resistant. Winter wheat lines with high frost resistance and performance have been obtained by the leaf-nurse method.
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