Abstract
Wheatgrass Thinopyrum intermedium is a source of agronomically valuable traits for common wheat. Partial wheat–wheatgrass amphidiploids and lines with wheatgrass chromosome substitutions are extensively used as intermediates in breeding programs. Line Agis 1 (6Agi2/6D) is present in the cultivar Tulaykovskaya 10 pedigree. Wheatgrass chromosome 6Agi2 carries multiple resistance to fungal diseases in various ecogeographical zones. In this work, we studied the transfer of chromosome 6Agi2 in hybrid populations Saratovskaya 29 × skaya 10 (S29 × T10) and Tulaykovskaya 10 × Saratovskaya 29 (T10 × S29). Chromosome 6Agi2 was identif ied by PCR with chromosome-specif ic primers and by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). According to molecular data, 6Agi2 was transmitted to nearly half of the plants tested in the F2 and F3 generations. A new breeding line 49-14 (2n = 42) with chromosome pair 6Agi2 was isolated and characterized in T10 × S29 F5 by GISH. According to the results of our f ield experiment in 2020, the line had high productivity traits. The grain weights per plant (10.04 ± 0.93 g) and the number of grains per plant (259.36 ± 22.49) did not differ signif icantly from the parent varieties. The number of grains per spikelet in the main spike was signif icantly higher than in S29 ( p ≤ 0.001) or T10 ( p ≤ 0.05). Plants were characterized by the ability to set 3.77 ± 0.1 grains per spikelet, and this trait varied among individuals from 2.93 to 4.62. The grain protein content was 17.91 %, and the gluten content, 40.55 %. According to the screening for fungal disease resistance carried out in the f ield in 2018 and 2020, chromosome 6Agi2 makes plants retain immunity to the West Siberian population of brown rust and to dominant races of stem rust. It also provides medium resistant and medium susceptible types of response to yellow rust. The possibility of using lines/varieties of bread wheat with wheatgrass chromosomes 6Agi2 in breeding in order to increase protein content in the grain, to confer resistance to leaf diseases on plants and to create multif lowered forms is discussed.
Highlights
Wild perennial common wheat relatives of the Thinopyrum genus are broadly polymorphic
Experiments were conducted with spring common wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 (S29) and Tulaykov skaya 10 (T10) and with their hybrids S29 × T10 and T10 × S29
Identification of wheatgrass chromosome 6Agi2 in generations F2–3 of the S29 × T10 and T10 × S29 hybrids with chromosome-specific primers Chromosomes 6Agi2 of wheatgrass and 6D of wheat were present in the F1 of S29 × T10 and T10 × S29 in the uni valent state
Summary
Wild perennial common wheat relatives of the Thinopyrum genus are broadly polymorphic They can be sources of commercially valuable traits: resistance to fungal and viral diseases (Friebe et al, 1996; Li H., Wang, 2009; Krupin et al, 2013, 2019; Davoyan et al, 2015; Leonova, 2018), tolerance of saline soils and drought, and high protein contents in the grain (Tsitsin, 1954; Upelniek et al, 2012). The genetic pools of two species are in the greatest use: elongate wheatgrass Th. elongatum (Agropyron elongatum) and intermediate wheatgrass Th. intermedium (Ag. glaucum) They became donors of genes for resistance to pests: Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, and Lr38 to brown rust; Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr43, and Sr44 to stem rust; Pm40 and Pm43 to powdery mildew; Bdv to barley yellow dwarf virus; and Wsm to wheat streak mosaic virus (Li H., Wang, 2009). Various hybrid forms were obtained and annotated: partial amphiploids; highprotein addition, substitution, and translocation lines and forms resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus, wheat streak mosaic virus, powdery mildew, yellow rust, brown rust, and stem rust (Friebe et al, 1996; Fedak, Han, 2005; Li H., Wang, 2009; Chang et al, 2010; Hu L. et al, 2011; Fu et al, 2012; Zeng J. et al, 2013; Bao et al, 2014; Zheng et al, 2014; Danilova et al, 2017; Li D. et al, 2018)
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