Abstract
Simple SummaryThis Part II is an overview of the main applications of Radiomics in oncologic imaging with a focus on diagnosis, prognosis prediction and assessment of response to therapy in thoracic, genito-urinary, breast, neurologic, hematologic and musculoskeletal oncology. In this part II we describe the radiomic applications, limitations and future perspectives for each pre-eminent tumor. In the future, Radiomics could have a pivotal role in management of cancer patients as an imaging tool to support clinicians in decision making process. However, further investigations need to obtain some stable results and to standardize radiomic analysis (i.e., image acquisitions, segmentation and model building) in clinical routine.Radiomics has the potential to play a pivotal role in oncological translational imaging, particularly in cancer detection, prognosis prediction and response to therapy evaluation. To date, several studies established Radiomics as a useful tool in oncologic imaging, able to support clinicians in practicing evidence-based medicine, uniquely tailored to each patient and tumor. Mineable data, extracted from medical images could be combined with clinical and survival parameters to develop models useful for the clinicians in cancer patients’ assessment. As such, adding Radiomics to traditional subjective imaging may provide a quantitative and extensive cancer evaluation reflecting histologic architecture. In this Part II, we present an overview of radiomic applications in thoracic, genito-urinary, breast, neurological, hematologic and musculoskeletal oncologic applications.
Highlights
Antunovic L. et al [57] showed the ability of Radiomics to predict complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer (BC), by using features extracted from baseline FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, with quite good performance (AUC 0.70–0.73)
Radiomics should be seen as an imaging tool for oncologists in the new era of targeted patient-centered therapy by covering the gap between histological results and real microenvironmental heterogeneity
Radiomics could overcome the limit of subjective imaging based evaluation and provide an quantitative objective estimation of cancer heterogeneity and patient survival
Summary
Radiomics is an emerging tool used in oncologic imaging with the future perspectives to become central in the workup of cancer patients. This imaging technique was extensively investigated in tumor diagnosis, prognosis evaluation and response to therapy. Radiomics provides an estimation of delta tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness, before and after cancer therapy. It can be used as a bridge between histology and medical images, useful for clinicians to manage patients with a patient tailored workflow [1,2,3]. The objective of part 2 of this paper is to review the main oncologic radiomic studies centered on diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy in thoracic, genito-urinary, breast, neurological, hematologic and musculoskeletal malignancies
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