Abstract
Radiomics has been playing a pivotal role in oncological translational imaging, particularly in cancer diagnosis, prediction prognosis, and therapy response assessment. Recently, promising results were achieved in management of cancer patients by extracting mineable high-dimensional data from medical images, supporting clinicians in decision-making process in the new era of target therapy and personalized medicine. Radiomics could provide quantitative data, extracted from medical images, that could reflect microenvironmental tumor heterogeneity, which might be a useful information for treatment tailoring. Thus, it could be helpful to overcome the main limitations of traditional tumor biopsy, often affected by bias in tumor sampling, lack of repeatability and possible procedure complications. This quantitative approach has been widely investigated as a non-invasive and an objective imaging biomarker in cancer patients; however, it is not applied as a clinical routine due to several limitations related to lack of standardization and validation of images acquisition protocols, features segmentation, extraction, processing, and data analysis. This field is in continuous evolution in each type of cancer, and results support the idea that in the future Radiomics might be a reliable application in oncologic imaging. The first part of this review aimed to describe some radiomic technical principles and clinical applications to gastrointestinal oncologic imaging (CT and MRI) with a focus on diagnosis, prediction prognosis, and assessment of response to therapy.
Highlights
Radiomics is becoming central in emerging precision medicine, in particular for oncologic patients
The first part of this review aimed to describe some radiomic technical principles and clinical applications to gastrointestinal oncologic imaging (CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) with a focus on diagnosis, prediction prognosis, and assessment of response to therapy
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of technical principles and the major radiomic studies that focused on diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and response to therapy in cancer patients, through an accurate description of prominent results in the most diffuse types of cancer with clinical significance
Summary
Radiomics is becoming central in emerging precision medicine, in particular for oncologic patients. Radiomics could be a supporting tool for cancer biopsy, a cornerstone of oncological management by guiding to the site with the most representative lesion heterogeneity, helpful for a better choice for biopsy or direct surgical resection rather than random sampling, and providing some additional information regarding tumor biology [8]. This recent landscape of imaging has been attracting the attention of many researchers, driven by promising results achieved through integration of Radiomics with clinical biomarkers. In Part 1, we will focus our attention on gastrointestinal applications
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