Radiological manifestations in patients on continuous positive-pressure breathing.

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Chest films of patients on continuous positive-pressure breathing (CPPB) occasionally prove difficult to interpret. Diaphragmatic paralysis may be masked, and lobar atelectasis may present with confusing findings. If the radiologist is not aware that the patient is receiving CPPB, two other findings may be confusing: (a) hyperinflation of the lungs and (b) unusually rapid clearing of pulmonary edema, atelectasis, or both. Complications of CPPB include acute gastric dilatation, oxygen toxicity, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema. In some cases, prolonged intubation may result in tracheal stenosis and/or malacia.