Radio-Frequency Undulators, Cyclotron Auto Resonance Maser and Free Electron Lasers

Emanuele Di Palma,Gian Luca Ravera,Ivan Spassovsky,Silvio Ceccuzzi,Giuseppe Dattoli,Elio Sabia

doi:10.3390/app11209499

Abstract

We discuss a hybrid Free Electron Laser (FEL) architecture operating with a RF undulator provided by a powerful Cyclotron Auto-Resonance Maser (CARM). We outline the design elements to operate a compact X-ray device. We review the essential aspects of wave undulator FEL theory and of CARM devices.

Highlights

The interest in Free Electron Laser (FEL), during the last decade, has moved toward devices producing X-ray beams with high brilliance matching the requirements for many applications such as nuclear materials detection [1], small-angle X-ray scattering [2], phase contrast imaging [3], macromolecular X-ray crystallography for drug discovery [4] and
The X-FEL technology is based on two pillars, high-energy high-quality electron beam Linacs and hundred-meters-long undulators
We provide below a preliminary idea of how electron beam and Radio Frequency

Summary

Introduction

The interest in Free Electron Laser (FEL), during the last decade, has moved toward devices producing X-ray beams with high brilliance matching the requirements for many applications such as nuclear materials detection [1], small-angle X-ray scattering [2], phase contrast imaging [3], macromolecular X-ray crystallography for drug discovery [4] andX-ray microscopy [5].The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory [6], FLASH at DESY Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [7] with other advanced X-ray FEL [8,9,10,11,12,13]provide, or have been designed to provide, high-brightness X-ray beams, but size, cost and operational complexity are the main drawbacks for a widespread use in small laboratories, hospitals, universities.The X-FEL technology is based on two pillars, high-energy (multi-Gev) high-quality electron beam Linacs and hundred-meters-long undulators. The use of an electromagnetic undulator pumped by a GHz RF field allows, for the same FEL wavelength, to reduce the energy of the electron beam by several units and the length of the magnet by more than one order of magnitude.

Results

Conclusion