Abstract
Abstract The time-dependent role of cloud liquid water in conjunction with its vertical heterogeneities on top-of-atmosphere (TOA) passive microwave brightness temperatures is investigated. A cloud simulation is used to specify the microphysical structure of an evolving cumulus cloud growing toward the rain stage. A one-dimensional multistream solution to the radiative transfer equation is used to study the upwelling radiation at the top of the atmosphere arising from the combined effect of cloud, rain, and ice hydrometeors. Calculations are provided at six window frequencies and one H2O resonance band within the EHF/SHF microwave spectrum. Vertically detailed transmission functions are used to help delineate the principal radiative interactions that control TOA brightness temperatures. Brightness temperatures are then associated with a selection of microphysical situations that reveal how an evolving cloud medium attenuates rainfall and surface radiation. The investigation is primarily designed to study ...
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