Abstract
The radiation of the break-out is studied. This phase is explained to be generated when a fracture initiated within the earth's interior reaches the earth's surface; when the fracture reaches a free surface an extremely large pulse can be generated. For an explanation of generation of the break-out phase, the displacement field when a propagating double-couple source reaches the free surface from depths in a semi-infinite homogeneous elastic medium is calculated numerically. Equations for such calculations are formulated. When the source propagates to the free surface, the effect of the free surface on the seismogram is found to be considerable.
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