Abstract
As has been explained in Sect. 2.4, most of the power of a guided wave is radiated from the fiber end in the form of a free diverging wave beam. Essentially, the fundamental fiber mode is transformed into the fundamental Gaussian beam mode and the second order fiber mode into the second order Gaussian beam mode (Chap. 4). The fiber end acts as as transmitting dielectric antenna, transforming a guided electromagnetic wave into a freely propagating wave [Neumann 1967a].
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