Abstract
BackgroundRADIALIS (RAD), belongs to the MYB gene family and regulates a variety of functions including floral dorsoventral asymmetry in Antirrhinum majus and development of fruit proteins in Solanum lycopersicum. RAD genes contain an SNF2_N superfamily domain. Here, we comprehensively identified 68 RAD genes from six different species including Arabidopsis and five species of cotton.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis classified RAD genes into five groups. Gene structure, protein motifs and conserved amino acid residues indicated that GhRAD genes were highly conserved during the evolutionary process. Chromosomal location information showed that GhRAD genes were distributed unevenly on different chromosomes. Collinearity and selection pressure analysis indicated RAD gene family expansion in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense with purifying selection pressure. Further, various growth and stress related promotor cis-acting elements were observed. Tissue specific expression level indicated that most GhRAD genes were highly expressed in roots and flowers (GhRAD2, GhRAD3, GhRAD4 and GhRAD11). Next, GhRAD genes were regulated by phytohormonal stresses (JA, BL and IAA). Moreover, Ghi-miRN1496, Ghi-miR1440, Ghi-miR2111b, Ghi-miR2950a, Ghi-miR390a, Ghi-miR390b and Ghi-miR7495 were the miRNAs targeting most of GhRAD genes.ConclusionsOur study revealed that RAD genes are evolutionary conserved and might be involved in different developmental processes and hormonal stress response. Data presented in our study could be used as the basis for future studies of RAD genes in cotton.
Highlights
RADIALIS (RAD), belongs to the MYB gene family and regulates a variety of functions including floral dorsoventral asymmetry in Antirrhinum majus and development of fruit proteins in Solanum lycopersicum
We identified 17 RAD genes in G. hirsutum, 16 genes in G. barbadense, eight genes each in G. herbaceum and G. arboreum and nine genes in G. raimondii
We found that among all the selected plant species, G. hirsutum had the highest number of RAD genes (Table S1) elucidating that during hybridization, GhRAD genes underwent polyploidization and experienced significant dupli- cation events
Summary
RADIALIS (RAD), belongs to the MYB gene family and regulates a variety of functions including floral dorsoventral asymmetry in Antirrhinum majus and development of fruit proteins in Solanum lycopersicum. MYB gene family members mainly regulate apoptosis, cell differentiation and proliferation. For the very first time, MYB gene C1 was isolated from maize and found to regulate biosynthesis of anthocyanin [4]. MYB proteins play a key role in different developmental processes including trichome differentiation, biosynthesis of anthocyanin and flavonoids, floral symmetry, cell proliferation. RADIALIS (RAD) belongs to MYB gene family. RAD is involved in creating the dorsal identity and regulating the domain activity of DIVIRICATA (DIV) (another transcription factors of MYB gene family) by restricting it to ventral regions of the flower [8]. RAD and DIV, interact with each other and control dorsoventral asymmetry of flowers [9]
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