Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule with diverse physiological functions in plants. It is therefore important to characterize the downstream genes and signal transduction networks modulated by NO. Here, we identified 1,932 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responding to NO in upland cotton using high throughput tag sequencing. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of 25 DEGs showed good consistency. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway were analyzed to gain a better understanding of these DEGs. We identified 157 DEGs belonging to 36 transcription factor (TF) families and 72 DEGs related to eight plant hormones, among which several TF families and hormones were involved in stress responses. Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased, as well related genes after treatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (an NO donor), suggesting a role for NO in the plant stress response. Finally, we compared of the current and previous data indicating a massive number of NO-responsive genes at the large-scale transcriptome level. This study evaluated the landscape of NO-responsive genes in cotton and identified the involvement of NO in the stress response. Some of the identified DEGs represent good candidates for further functional analysis in cotton.
Highlights
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule with a free radical nature
To ensure the best effect of the treatment, endogenous NO contents were measured according to the time-course after plants were treated with double-distilled water, 100 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or 250 μM SNP (Fig 1A)
The result showed that NR was induced by both 100 μM SNP and 250 μM SNP, especially at 3–6 h after treatment
Summary
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small gaseous molecule with a free radical nature. It participates in a wide range of important biological processes [1]. The main pathway is dependent on nitrate reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of nitrite to NO [3, 4]. The second pathway is an arginine-dependent reaction catalyzed by NOA1 (previously referred to as NOS1) [5]. NOA1 was subsequently found to play a primary role in chloroplast function, and its effects on NO accumulation are likely indirect [6]. Nitrate reductase appears to be the primary enzyme for the biosynthesis of NO in plants
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