Abstract
BackgroundTesticular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in young adult men, and in many countries the incidence rates of testicular cancer have been increasing since the middle of the twentieth century. Since disease presentation and tumor progression patterns are often heterogeneous across racial groups, there may be important racial differences in recent TC trends.MethodsIn this study, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data on TC patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2015 were analyzed, including the following racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic whites (NHW), Hispanic whites (HW), blacks, and Asians and Pacific Islanders (API). Patient characteristics, age-adjusted incidence rates, and survival were compared across racial groups. A multivariate Cox model was used to analyze the survival data of TC patients, in order to evaluate racial differences across several relevant factors, including marital status, age group, histologic type, treatment, stage, and tumor location.ResultsNHWs had the highest incidence rates, followed by blacks, HWs, and APIs. There were significant survival differences among the racial groups, with NHWs having the highest survival rates and blacks having the lowest.ConclusionAn analysis of SEER data showed that racial differences existed among TC patients in the United States with respect to patient characteristics, incidence, and survival. The results can be useful to stakeholders interested in reducing the burden of TC morbidity and mortality.
Highlights
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in young adult men, and in many countries the incidence rates of testicular cancer have been increasing since the middle of the twentieth century
non-Hispanic whites (NHW) had the oldest age at diagnosis (37.0 years) while Hispanic whites (HW) had the youngest age at diagnosis (30.8 years)
Seminoma and embryonal carcinoma (EC) proportions were highest among NHWs (54.1 and 11.9%, respectively), whereas the proportion of teratomas and non-seminomas were highest among HWs (32.5 and 3.9%, respectively)
Summary
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in young adult men, and in many countries the incidence rates of testicular cancer have been increasing since the middle of the twentieth century. Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy in young men, and an increase in the incidence of TC has been reported in recent years [1,2,3]. The age-standardized incidence of TC has been reported to vary across European countries, and based on registry data, has increased annually at rates ranging from 2.3% (in Sweden) to 5.2% (in East Germany) [4]. Germ cell tumors (GCTs), teratoma and embryonal carcinoma (EC), were analyzed in this paper. GCTs are the most common histological type of TC, comprising more than 95% of all TC cases [11,12,13]. GCT can be further divided into two subtypes: seminomas and non-seminomas, with the latter found
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