Abstract
Background: Sleep is an important determinant of brain development in preterm infants. Its temporal organization varies with gestational age (GA) and post-menstrual age (PMA) but little is known about how sleep develops in very preterm infants. The objective was to study the correlation between the temporal organization of quiet sleep (QS) and maturation in premature infants without severe complications during their neonatal hospitalization.Methods: Percentage of time spent in QS and average duration of time intervals (ADI) spent in QS were analyzed from a cohort of newborns with no severe complications included in the Digi-NewB prospective, multicentric, observational study in 2017–19. Three groups were analyzed according to GA: Group 1 (27–30 weeks), Group 2 (33–37 weeks), Group 3 (>39 weeks). Two 8-h video recordings were acquired in groups 1 and 2: after birth (T1) and before discharge from hospital (T2). The annotation of the QS phases was performed by analyzing video recordings together with heart rate and respiratory traces thanks to a dedicated software tool of visualization and annotation of multimodal long-time recordings, with a double expert reading. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range, IQR). Correlations were analyzed using a linear mixed model.Results: Five newborns were studied in each group (160 h of recording). Median time spent in QS increased from 13.0% [IQR: 13–20] to 28.8% [IQR: 27–30] and from 17.0% [IQR: 15–21] to 29.6% [IQR: 29.5–31.5] in Group 1 and 2, respectively. Median ADI increased from 54 [IQR: 53–54] to 288 s [IQR: 279–428] and from 90 [IQR: 84–96] to 258 s [IQR: 168–312] in Group 1 and 2. Both groups reach values similar to that of group 3, respectively 28.2% [IQR: 24.5–31.3] and 270 s [IQR: 210–402]. The correlation between PMA and time spent in QS or ADI were, respectively 0.73 (p < 10−4) and 0.46 (p = 0.06). Multilinear analysis using temporal organization of QS gave an accurate estimate of PMA (r2 = 0.87, p < 0.001).Conclusion: The temporal organization of QS is correlated with PMA in newborns without severe complication. An automated standardized continuous behavioral quantification of QS could be interesting to monitor during the hospitalization stay in neonatal units.
Highlights
Fifteen million babies are born preterm every year around the world and the overall rate of preterm live births is 11%
Fifteen newborn infants were studied with two recordings for each newborn included in group 1 and 2 and one recording for full-term newborns
All preterm infants from group 1 and two in group 2 were assisted by continuous positive airway pressure at Time 1 (T1)
Summary
Fifteen million babies are born preterm every year around the world and the overall rate of preterm live births is 11%. Among the axes of preterm newborn maturation, sleep is a major contributor to the development of neural pathways in the neonatal brain [2]. The two main sleep stages for the newborn are Active Sleep (AS) and Quiet Sleep (QS). Both are involved in development, maturation, and connectivity within neural networks in the brain with impacts on memorization, consolidation of learning capacities and plasticity [3, 4]. Despite the importance of sleep on neuro-development little is known about development and impact of sleep alterations in very preterm newborns. The objective was to study the correlation between the temporal organization of quiet sleep (QS) and maturation in premature infants without severe complications during their neonatal hospitalization
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