Abstract

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and risk factors of dry eye in children from a myopia outpatient clinic via a questionnaire and Keratograph 5M.MethodsA cross–sectional study was performed. sThere were 214 children (428 eyes) selected from the myopia outpatient clinic of the affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from July 2021 to September 2021, including 105 boys (210 eyes) and 109 girls (218 eyes), with an average age of 10.1 ± 2.5 years. The incidence rate and influence factors for dry eye were calculated.ResultsThirty–four of 214 children were diagnosed with dry eye, accounting for 15.9% of the patients. The correlation between fussy eating and the tear meniscus height was statistically significant (Z = −2.158, p = 0.039), along with the correlation between short–distance use of eyes and the tear meniscus height (Z = −2.135, p = 0.033). The degree of meibomian gland deficiency was graded. The meibomian gland was graded as grade 1 in 242 eyes (68.9%), grade 2 in 104 eyes (29.6%), and grade 3 in 5 eyes (1.4%). There was a significant difference in the correlation between eye rubbing and the incidence of dry eye in children (Z = −2.747, p = 0.008). There was also a significant difference in the correlation between picky eating and the incidence of dry eye in children (Z = −2.347; p = 0.024). There was a statistically significant correlation between the time of looking at electronic products and the morphology of the meibomian gland (Z = −2.201, p = 0.028). The results showed that the effect of mild and moderate ametropia on the non–invasive tear breakup time in children was statistically significant (Z = −2.027; p = 0.043).ConclusionThere is a high incidence of dry eye in children in the myopia outpatient clinic. There is a significant correlation between picky eating, eye rubbing, and the incidence of dry eye. Looking at electronic products for a long time will also affect the morphology of the meibomian gland in children.

Highlights

  • Dry eye is a common chronic eye disease

  • The results showed that there was no statistical difference in the correlation between eye rubbing, fussy eating, exposure to secondhand smoke, history of eyelid conjunctiva, frequent blinking, history of allergy, time spent on electronics, short distance use of eyes, outdoor activity time, and the noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT) (Z = −0.375, p = 0.738; Z = 1.051, p = 0.317; Z = 0.423, p = 0.698; Z = 0.353, p = 0.798; Z = 0.628, p = 0.541; Z = 1.201, p = 0.264; Z = 0.251, p = 0.802; Z = 1.457, p = 0.145; Z = 1.457, p = 0.145; Z = −0.032, p = 0.974; Table 1)

  • The results showed that there was a significant difference in the correlation between eye rubbing and the incidence of dry eye in children (Z = −2.747, p = 0.008)

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Summary

Introduction

Dry eye is a common chronic eye disease. In this condition, the noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT) is shortened because of the instability of the tear film of the patient. It is reported that the incidence of dry eye has reached 21–30% in Chinese adults, with varying incidence rates in different regions [2, 3]. The incidence rate of dry eye in children has not been reported in detail because of unsatisfactory cooperation among patients, poor expression, and lack of attention [4]. The incidence rate of dry eye in children is increasing year by year; dry eye has become the most common ophthalmic disease other than ametropia among adults [5, 6]. The incidence rate of dry eye in children and the risk factors for dry eye in children were analyzed

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