Abstract
Analogous compounds in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), various ternary chemical compositions in O3-type layered oxides, have been introduced in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, O3-type ternary transition metal oxide cathodes, including the NaNixCoyMnzO2 and NaNixFeyMnzO2 (x + y + z = 1) compounds, continue to face several challenges with respect to their low reversible capacity and poor cycle retention owing to their structural instability. Herein, we propose the well-balanced quaternary transition metal oxide structure of O3-type Na[Ni0.32Fe0.13Co0.15Mn0.40]O2 as cathode materials that have an average composition of both Na[Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5]O2 and Na[Ni0.4Co0.3Mn0.3]O2 compounds. Compared to its respective ternary members, the Na[Ni0.32Fe0.13Co0.15Mn0.40]O2 cathode exhibits a higher specific capacity as well as improved cycling stability and rate capability. The post-mortem ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of a cycled electrode clearly show that coexistence of quaternary transition metals in a...
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