Abstract
A quasi-Yagi slotted array antenna with fan-beam characteristics is proposed for 28 GHz 5G mobile terminals. The antenna is composed of a 1 × 8 slot antenna array with directors to enhance the half-power beamwidth (HPBW). The proposed antenna has a fan-beam radiation pattern with a simulated HPBW of 256.72° and a peak gain of 11.16 dBi. In addition, the proposed antenna covers ±48° using a beam steering mechanism. Mutual coupling reduction is achieved by inserting slits between the adjacent slot radiators on the ground plane. The simulated −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.79 GHz (27.03–28.82 GHz), and the mutual coupling between each of the slot radiators is lower than −25.02 dB over the 28 GHz target band (27.5–28.35 GHz). To investigate the effect of a human body in a practical environment, the power density was considered to estimate the electromagnetic exposure with a simplified skin model. The measured results were in good agreement with the simulated ones and demonstrated that the proposed antenna could be used for 5G mobile terminals.
Highlights
Millimeter-wave array antennas have been widely studied for 28 GHz 5G mobile terminals [1,2,3]
The array antenna has a fan-beam pattern with a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 219◦ with a peak gain of 11.15 dBi, and it has ±45◦ beam steering characteristics
The artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)-backed slotted array antenna has a fan-beam pattern with a HPBW of 142◦ with a peak gain of 11.8 dBi
Summary
Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) array antennas have been widely studied for 28 GHz 5G mobile terminals [1,2,3]. Since the high gain can be obtained by using a directional beam, the mm-wave array antenna should have beam steering characteristics with a proper radiation pattern to have wide communication coverage. Wide half-power beamwidth (HPBW) is needed to minimize the shaded area along the ±x direction and hemispheric beam coverage that is required in mobile communications can be achieved by fan-beam steering along the ±y direction, as shown in Figure 1a,b [2,3]. The AMC-backed slotted array antenna has a fan-beam pattern with a HPBW of 142◦ with a peak gain of 11.8 dBi. the separation distance of 1.9 mm (≈0.31 λ at 28 GHz) is required between the radiator and the AMC surface, and the overall size is not suitable for mounting on mobile terminals. To demonstrate the antenna performance near the human body in a practical environment, the power density was simulated to estimate the electromagnetic exposure with a simplified skin phantom at 28 GHz
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