Abstract
We consider the formation of structured and massless particles with spin 1, by using the Yang–Mills-like stochastic equations system for the group symmetry S U ( 2 ) ⊗ U ( 1 ) without taking into account the nonlinear term characterizing self-action. We prove that, in the first phase of relaxation, as a result of multi-scale random fluctuations of quantum fields, massless particles with spin 1, further referred as hions, are generated in the form of statistically stable quantized structures, which are localized on 2D topological manifolds. We also study the wave state and the geometrical structure of the hion when as a free particle and, accordingly, while it interacts with a random environment becoming a quasi-particle with a finite lifetime. In the second phase of relaxation, the vector boson makes spontaneous transitions to other massless and mass states. The problem of entanglement of two hions with opposite projections of the spins + 1 and − 1 and the formation of a scalar zero-spin boson are also thoroughly studied. We analyze the properties of the scalar field and show that it corresponds to the Bose–Einstein (BE) condensate. The scalar boson decay problems, as well as a number of features characterizing the stability of BE condensate, are also discussed. Then, we report on the structure of empty space–time in the context of new properties of the quantum vacuum, implying on the existence of a natural quantum computer with complicated logic, which manifests in the form of dark energy. The possibilities of space–time engineering are also discussed.
Highlights
From a mathematical and philosophical point of view, the vacuum can be comparable to the region of absolutely empty space or, equivalently, with the region of the space where there are no fields and massive particles
In reference [10] author discuss the issues of cosmic acceleration, while in [14] dark energy-quintessence are studied in the framework of quantum vacuum (QV) theories, which necessarily include scalar fields
A fundamental scalar field has not yet been observed experimentally, it is generally accepted that such fields play a key role in the construction of modern theoretical physics of elementary particles
Summary
From a mathematical and philosophical point of view, the vacuum can be comparable to the region of absolutely empty space or, equivalently, with the region of the space where there are no fields and massive particles (see for example [1]). According to the Standard Model (SM) precisely the non-zero vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field [18,19], arising from spontaneous symmetry breaking, is the principle mechanism allowing the generation of masses To overcome these difficulties and conduct a consistent and comprehensive QV study, we propose using the Langevin-type complex stochastic differential equations (SDE) as the basic equation of motion for which Yang–Mills equations serve as the principle of local correspondence. Note that such mathematical representation allows us to describe the massless quantum fields with multi-scale fluctuations in Hilbert space, where subspaces with single-particle states of zero mass and spin 1 exist. In the Appendixes A and B, we present an important proof confirming the convergence of the developed theory
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