Quantum simultaneous secret distribution with dense coding by using cluster states

Abstract

A new communication mode, quantum simultaneous secret distribution (QSSD) is put forward, where one sender distributes different classical secret message to multiparty receivers simultaneously. Based on the properties of the one-dimensional four-qubit cluster states, a three-party QSSD protocol is proposed, and then it is extended to the case that there are many receivers. Owing to the idea of quantum dense coding, each receiver can receive two bits of classical message by the sender only using a cluster state. In order to check security of quantum channels, a strategy which can prevent common attacks efficiently is put forward. QSSD is distinct from quantum secret sharing (QSS) and quantum broadcast communication (QBC), but it can be easily converted into QSS and QBC. QSSD is also different from the multiple-QKD communication mode where the sender shares a private key with each receiver at first, while in QSSD the sender doesn't; in addition, only one round of one-to-many communication is performed in QSSD, while in multiple-QKD communication mode many rounds of one-to-one communication are performed.