Abstract
A halo is an intrinsically quantum object defined as a bound state of a spatial size which extends deeply into the classically forbidden region. Previously, halos have been observed in bound states of two and less frequently of three atoms. Here, we propose a realization of halo states containing as many as six atoms. We report the binding energies, pair correlation functions, spatial distributions, and sizes of few-body clusters composed by bosonic dipolar atoms in a bilayer geometry. We find two very distinct halo structures, for large interlayer separation the halo structure is roughly symmetric and we discover an unusual highly anisotropic shape of halo states close to the unbinding threshold. Our results open avenues of using ultracold gases for the experimental realization of halos composed by atoms with dipolar interactions and containing as many as six atoms.
Highlights
A halo is an intrinsically quantum object defined as a bound state of a spatial size which extends deeply into the classically forbidden region
As we demonstrate in the present work, the bilayer geometry is very promising for creation of halo states with up to six particles
We have studied clusters composed by up to six particles, for different values of the interlayer distance, as candidates for quantum halo states
Summary
A halo is an intrinsically quantum object defined as a bound state of a spatial size which extends deeply into the classically forbidden region. Our results open avenues of using ultracold gases for the experimental realization of halos composed by atoms with dipolar interactions and containing as many as six atoms. A halo is an intrinsically quantum object and it is defined as a bound state with a wave function that extends deeply into the classically forbidden region[12,13]. These states are characterized by two simultaneous features: a large spatial size and a binding energy which is much smaller than the typical energy of the interaction. The peculiarity of the bilayer problem has resulted in the controversial claim that the three- and Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:19437
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